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1 καιρός
καιρός, ὁ,A due measure, proportion, fitness (not in Hom.), καιρὸς δ' ἐπὶ πᾶσιν ἄριστος (which became a prov.) Hes.Op. 694, Thgn. 401;κ. παντὸς ἔχει κορυφάν Pi.P.9.78
;κ. Χάριτος A.Ag. 787
(anap.) (cf.ὑποκάμπτω 11
); εἰ ὁ κ. ἦν σαφής the distinction, the point, E.Hipp. 386; ἡ ἀπορία ἔχει τινὰ κ. has some point or importance, Arist. Metaph. 1043b25; καιροῦ πέρα beyond measure, unduly, A.Pr. 507;μείζων τοῦ κ. γαστήρ X.Smp.2.19
;καιροῦ μεῖζον E.Fr. 626
codd.; προσωτέρω or πορρωτέρω τοῦ κ., X.An.4.3.34, HG7.5.13; ὀξύτερα τοῦ κ. Pl.Plt. 307b; νωθεστέρα τοῦ κ. ib. 310e; ὑπερβάλλων τῇ φιλοτιμίᾳ τὸν κ. Plu.Ages.8, cf. Hp.Loc.Hom.44.II of Place, vital part of the body (cf.καίριος 1
),ἐς καιρὸν τυπείς E.Andr. 1120
.III more freq. of Time, exact or critical time, season, opportunity, Χρόνου κ. S.El. 1292: usu. alone, κ. [ ἐστιν] ἐν ᾧ Χρόνος οὐ πολὺς κτλ. Hp. Praec.<*>, cf. Chrysipp. et Archig. ap. Daremberg Notices etextr. des MSS. médicaux 1p.200;κ. ὀξύς Hp.Aph.1.1
; κ. πρὸς ἀνθρώπων βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχει 'time and tide wait for no man', Pi.P.4.286; κ. ὄλβου, = καίριος ὄλβος, Id.N.7.58; δηλοῦν, ὅ τι περ δύναται κ. Ar.Ec. 576 codd. (sed leg. δύνασαι) ; τίνα κ. τοῦ παρόντος βελτίω ζητεῖτε; D.3.16; κ. δόσιος for giving, Hp.Acut.20; κ. τοῦ ποτισμοῦ, τῆς τρύγης, BGU1003.12 (iii B. C.), PStrassb.1.8 (V A. D.);τὰ ἐκ τοῦ κ. προγινόμενα Plb.6.32.3
; καιρὸν παριέναι to let the time go by, Th.4.27 (so in pl.,τοὺς κ. παριέναι Pl.R. 374c
;τοὺς κ. ὑφαιρεῖσθαι Aeschin.3.66
);κ. τῶν πραγμάτων τοῖς ἐναντίοις καθυφιέναι καὶ προδοῦναι D.19.6
; καιροῦ ([etym.] τοῦ κ.) , Pl.Lg. 687a, Men.Mon. 281;καιρὸν εἰληφέναι Lys.13.6
(butκαιρὸς ἐλάμβανε Th.2.34
; cf.καιροῦ διδόντος Lib.Or.45.7
);καιροῦ λαβέσθαι Luc.Tim.13
;καιρὸν ἁρπάσαι Plu.Phil.15
;κ. τηρεῖν Arist.Rh. 1382b11
;καιρῷ Χρήσασθαι Plu.Pyrrh.7
; καιρῷ Χειμῶνος ξυλλαβέσθαι co-operate with the occurrence of a storm, Pl.Lg. 709c; ἔχει κ. τι it happens in season, Th.1.42, etc.; κ. ἔχειν τοῦ εὖ οἰκεῖν to be the chief cause of.., Pl.R. 421a;ὑμέας καιρός ἐστι προβοηθῆσαι Hdt.8.144
, cf. A.Pr. 523, etc.;νῦν κ. ἔρδειν S.El. 1368
: sts. c. Art.,ἀλλ' ἔσθ' ὁ κ... ξένους.. τυγχάνειν τὰ πρόσφορα A.Ch. 710
;ὁ κ. ἐστι μὴ μέλλειν ἔτι Ar. Th. 661
, cf.Pl. 255.b adverbial phrases, ἐς καιρόν in season, Hdt. 7.144, E.Tr. 744, etc.;ἐς κ. ἐπείγεσθαι Hdt.4.139
; ἐς αὐτὸν κ. S.Aj. 1168; εἰς δέοντα κ. Men.Sam. 294; , Th.4.59, etc.;ἐν κ. τινί Pl.Cri. 44a
;ἐπὶ καιροῦ D.19.258
, 20.90, etc.;κατὰ καιρόν Pi.I.2.22
;ὥς οἱ κατὰ κ. ἦν Hdt.1.30
(but also οἱ κατὰ κ. ἡγεμόνες in office at the time, BGU15.10 (ii A. D.), etc.); παρὰ τῷ ἐντυχόντι αἰεὶ καὶ λόγου καὶ ἔργου κ. Th.2.43;πρὸς καιρόν S.Aj.38
, Tr.59, etc.;σὺν καιρῷ Plb.2.38.7
: without Preps., ; καιρόν, abs., S.Aj.34, E.Fr.495.9 (in [comp] Comp. form καιρότερον, Achae.49); κ. γὰρ οὐδὲν ἦλθες E Hel.479; opp. ἀπὸ καιροῦ out of season, Pl.Tht. 187e;ἄνευ καιροῦ Id.Ep. 339d
;παρὰ καιρόν Pi.O.8.24
, E.IA8co (lyr.), Pl. Plt. 277a; πρὸ καιροῦ prematurely, A.Ag. 365 (anap.); ἐπὶ καιροῦ also means on the spur of the moment,ἐπὶ κ. λέγειν Plu.Dem.8
, cf. Art.5;ἐξενεγκεῖν πόλεμον Id.Ant.6
.2 season, πᾶσιν καιροῖς at all seasons of the year, IG14.1018, cf. LXX Ge.1.14, Ph.1.13, Porph. ap. Eus.PE3.11; κ. ἔτους, later Gr. for [dialect] Att. ὥρα ἔτους, acc. to Moer.424; time of day, Philostr.VA6.14.3 generally, time, period,κατὰ τὸν κ. τοῦτον Plb.27.1.7
; , al.: more freq. in pl., κατὰ τούτους τοὺς κ. Arist.Ath.23.2, al., cf. Plb.2.39.1; τὰ κατὰ καιρούς chronological sequence of events, Id.5.33.5; ἐν τοῖς πάλαι, ἐντοῖς μεταξὺ κ., Phld.Rh.1.28,363 S.4 in pl., οἱ καιροί the times, i. e. the state of affairs, freq. in bad sense, ἐν τοῖς μεγίστοις κ. at the most critical times, X.HG6.5.33, cf. D.20.44;περιστάντων τῇ πόλει κ. δυσκόλων IG22.682.33
, etc.: also in sg., X.An.3.1.44, D.17.9; ὁ ἔσχατος κ. extreme danger, Plb.29.27.12, etc.;καιρῷ δουλεύειν AP9.441
(Pall.).IV advantage, profit, τινος of or from a thing, Pi.O.2.54, P.1.57; εἴ τοι ἐς κ. ἔσται ταῦτα τελεόμενα to his advantage, Hdt.1.206; ἐπὶ σῷ κ. S.Ph. 151 (lyr.); τίνα κ. με διδάσκεις; A.Supp. 1060 (lyr.); τί σοι καιρὸς.. καταλείβειν; what avails it..? E.Andr. 131 (lyr.); τίνος εἵνεκα καιροῦ; D.23.182; οὗ κ. εἴη where it was convenient or advantageous, Th.4.54; ᾗ κ. ἦν ib.90; Χωρίον μετὰ μεγίστων κ. οἰκειοῦταί τε καὶ πολεμοῦται with the greatest odds, the most critical results, Id.1.36.V Pythag. name for seven, Theol.Ar. 44. -
2 κρί̄νω
κρί̄νωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `separate, choose, select, decide, judge, condemn, accuse, apply' (Il.); ὑπο-κρίνομαι `aswer' (Il.), `on the stage answer (the choir), be actor' (Att.), ἀπο- κρί̄νω `answer' (Att.).Other forms: (Thess. κρεννέμεν), aor. κρῖναι (Lesb. κρίνναι), pass. κριθῆναι (ep. also κρινθήμεναι; metr. easy, s. Schwyzer 761, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 404), perf. midd. κέκριμαι, act. κέκρικα (Pl. Lg.), fut. κρινῶ, ep. Ion. κρινέω, Dor. - ίω.Derivatives: 1. ( ἀπό-, διά- etc.) κρίσις `decision, judgement, tribunal etc.' (Pi., IA.; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 103 f.) with κρίσιμος `decisive, critical' (Hp., Arist.; Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 53f.), ἀποκρισιά-ριος `secretary' (pap. VIp). - 2. ( ἀπό-, ἐπί-, σύν-, πρό-)κρίμα `decision etc.' (hell.), κρῖμα = κρεῖμα (A. Supp. 397; s. below); σύγκριμα `body formed by combining' (hell.) with συγκριμάτιον `small body' (M. Ant.), - ματικός (Gal.). - 3. ( ἀν-)κριτήρ `judge, examiner' (Dor.), κριντήρ `id.' (Gortyn), κριτής `judge, arbiter' (Ion. Att.), often from the prefixcompp., e.g. ὑποκριτής `actor etc.' (Att.; Else WienStud. 72, 75ff.); κριτήριον `(decisive) mark, tribunal' (Att., Arg.), ἐπι-̃ `court of justice' (Creta) ; ἐγκριτήριος `for admission' (Corinth IIp); further see κριτήρ, - τής, - τήριον in Fraenkel Nom. ag. [s. Index]. - 4. κριτός `selected, ' (Il.; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 21) with Κρίτων, Κρίτυλλα (Leumann Glotta 32, 225 n. 1 = Kl. Schr. 250 A. 2); ἔκ-, σύγ-κριτος etc. (IA.); ( δια-, ἐπι-, συν-) κριτικός `of the κρίσις' (Pl., Arist.). - 5. - κριδόν, e.g. διακριδόν `separated' (Il.), διακριδά `id.' (Opp.). - 6. On κρίμνον s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [945] * krei-`separate, distinguish'Etymology: The present κρί̄νω from *κρῐν-ι̯ω (unlessinnovated to the aorist κρῖναι; Schwyzer 694) has a nasal suffix, which originally belonged only to the present, but was later extended; as in κλί̄νω. - To the nasal present Latin and Celtic have agreements in cer-n-ō `select, discern' (\< *krĭ-n-ō), Welsh go-grynu `sieve' (\< IE. *upo-krĭ-n-ō). Also the verbal adj. κριτός has a direct agreement in Lat. certus `decided, certain'; further the languages behave diff.: the lengthened grade in ( dē)crē-v-ī, ex-crē-mentum `separation' perh. in the isolated κρησέρα `feines Sieb' (s. v.; improbable). The Greek paradigm results from large-scale levelling; only Att. κρῖμα for older κρεῖμα (after κρί̄νω, κρῖναι) = Lat. dis-crī-men still has the full grade preserved (Wackernagel Unt. 76 n. 1, Rodriguez Adrados Emerita 16, 133 ff.). - The numerous nominal formations, esp. in Latin, Celtic and Germanic (e. g. Lat. crībrum `sieve', Germ., e.g. Goth. hrains `pure', prop. `sieved'), learn nothing for Greek. Details in Pok. 946, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. cernō.Page in Frisk: 2,20-21Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρί̄νω
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